How to attach a terrace to the house with your own hands?
Arrangement of terraces near the house is considered by many people as a very attractive design solution. But, as in any form of construction work, there are subtleties that must be taken into account. If you do this, the construction of a beautiful-looking structure turns out to be quite simple and accessible to almost everyone who knows how to work with tools. It is not necessary for this to invite professional builders.
Types of designs
Strictly speaking, terraces are only open (this is the interpretation given in the SNiP), and all closed extensions to houses, no matter how they look externally, should be called verandas. The semi-open type, which has no walls or is equipped with low walls, is sufficiently spacious, and a roof or canopy helps to avoid the effects of precipitation and sunlight.But still the furniture will have to be placed as far as possible from the open spaces.
Pergola terrace is ideal for arid places., and it is not at all necessary that the structure be covered with shoots of vines. After all, metal lattices with dense weaving are considered self-sufficient, they allow to decorate the space both from above and from the edges. It provides simultaneous closure from outside observation in harmonious sunlight.
When there is an intention to get the visual effect of graceful leaves, but not to wait when the pergola is covered with vines and not to care for them, you need to reproduce the appearance by carving. But you can make the external lattice and very rare, just hinting at the idea of developers. An exotic species - a terrace, imposed on the roof. It is much more spacious than a simple balcony, and the supporting wall is almost never used, only a fence. Speech about this option will not work, but it is worth considering its existence.
The wooden type of the terraces is not really the same either. Differences can occur in size, shape, number of levels of construction, the possibility of free access to the structure or fencing with its decorative plantings.
Project: size and shape
The selection of the size and configuration is determined by the size of the plot and the house built on it. The tiny terraces adjoining the large building are perceived aesthetically unnaturally. Extension less than 4 square. m uncomfortable, and no methods will not help correct the situation. The project should lay the minimum consumption of slabs of concrete and ceramics, since this will reduce the complexity of the work. Terraces are best made rectangular to combine the lines of structures between them.
Important: tiles fit better in a rectangular terrace., and wooden flooring allows you to vary a variety of forms through the use of electric jigsaws. But again, it is required to maintain a visual correspondence between the configuration of the annex and the main part of the house.
Barbecue terraces are considered one of the best design solutions. It should be noted that the furnaces are very heavy and large structures, therefore it is necessary to build a foundation, perhaps for the terrace as a whole. We must also do a good, smoothly functioning drainage system. The work connected with its arrangement is rather laborious and can significantly increase the total cost of construction.The screed must be reinforced, and the foundation must be strictly in the form of a monolithic slab.
Rostverk not make concrete, this type of construction would be unnecessarily difficult to work. Usually it is made either from a channel, which is electrically welded to the piles, or from a bar encircling the perimeter and axes of the supports. In the spacious terrace, the stove is best placed in the center, distributing space to the guest and kitchen areas. The installation of a barbecue on one of the sides and a semicircular structure, cutting off the selected angle, is quite widespread.
Frame construction can be made on the basis of both wood and metal.
The choice of a particular material is determined by the following factors:
- convenience and practice of work;
- allocated budget;
- the required strength of the extension.
Even the high cost and difficulty of processing hard wood does not negate its high strength and stable service for a long time. It is from these materials that the bottom braces of the frames should be formed. To save the upper part they are made of softer and more accessible breeds. It is unacceptable to use a tree that has at least the slightest signs of rotting, cracking, chipping, wormholes and similar defects.The highest permissible moisture content of the tree for the construction of the frame is 14%, but it is better to limit to 12%, it will be much more reliable.
The metal frame obtained by the welding method is relatively durable. But you need to reckon with the fact that the dismantling of its individual parts will be impossible, you will need to remove the entire structure as a whole. The minimum permissible cross section of round and shaped pipes is 0.25 cm. If you take a thinner design, the welding work will be harder, and due to increased stress in the metal, significant deformations may appear. Before using a used metal block, it is necessary to check it for the absence of significant violations.
The terrace with a balcony always has an external fence and is rather narrow. When you need to fix the support beam to the brick building, you will need to prepare connection points: in the walls you drill holes into which the dowels or corks are made of wood.
It is important: the placement of holes with a slight slope from top to bottom helps to increase the reliability of fastening, the same requirement is recommended when using a wooden base.Often the beam for the support is shortened to the width of one lag at both ends, after which they are fitted to the ends and bolted, and the link between the intermediate links will be provided by the suspensions.
Anchor bolts help to connect timber and brick walls, special supports, the cross section of which is 5x15 cm, can increase the reliability of such a construction. The distance between supports should be 120 cm, and their use is especially important in areas where there is a lot of precipitation. The holes in the timber are made with a pitch of 400 to 600 mm, and bolts with a diameter of 1 cm should be freely passed through them.
Foam blocks are built much easier than using wood or brickbecause the labor intensity of work is noticeably reduced. Products initially have the correct geometric contours and strict dimensions, which allows you to accurately calculate the need for the material and design the structure without errors. Constructions on the basis of foam concrete are mostly created on top of strip foundations, but when the house is initially planned to be supplemented with a terrace, it is required to prepare a common slab base of the required configuration.
Legitimation of the extension
Making a terrace at the dacha is technically quite simple, but regardless of the skill of the home craftsmen or the cost of the services of hired builders, it will be necessary to register the building with the authorities. It is impossible to do without providing documents to the structures responsible for fire safety, sanitary and epidemiological control. The permissions received from them are transferred to the administration of the settlement or rural settlement. Spending time, effort and money on registration is not in vain, because in the future its absence may entail sanctions until the demolition of the building. And even if this is not done, selling, renting out, exchanging, providing collateral for a loan will be impossible or difficult.
Tools and materials
Be sure to use when building various kinds of tools.
Each master has their own set, but it is impossible to build a terrace without using:
- electric jigsaw;
- bayonet shovels;
- building level;
- hammer;
- roulettes;
- chisels and screwdrivers;
- drills and marker;
- staples and paint brushes.
As for materials, you will need to use high-quality boards, cement not lower than M400, an antiseptic, steel blanks for structures and paints.The wooden terrace is relatively strong and as reliable as possible. It guarantees comfort and looks more attractive. In addition, construction work will pass quickly, and the costs will be significantly less. Bricks, concrete and natural stone are much harder, but their design capabilities are worse; it is impossible to embody a certain part of the design plans at all. The use of metal (steel and cast iron parts) allows you to create very elegant designs and decorative elements, but you have to put up with increased costs.
Especially expensive metal terrace will cost for those who do not know how to work independently with such materials. - and welding skills are not as common as carpentry, and the situation is similar with the tool. The most modern options, like wood-polymer composites, are treated simpler than traditional products, and the original PVC coating makes it possible to dispense with impregnations that protect against rotting. The most economical is the use of the elements left over from the construction or repair of the house, but it will be necessary to carefully check them for the absence of deformations and for protection from negative natural phenomena.
Step by Step Construction Instructions
Competently attaching a terrace to a house means meeting two key requirements: elimination of the deflection and spring effect of the floor, as well as ensure the durability and safety of the mounted railings. It is recommended to provide for the construction of an extension already at the design stage of a dwelling, then you will be able to use a common foundation and coordinate the installation of the different parts with each other as clearly as possible. But when the terrace is built after the completion of housework, you will have to order an individual project from professionals.
When you attach a terrace with your own hands, you need to consider:
- climatic characteristics of the area;
- the type of soil and the depth of its freezing in winter;
- average annual level of snow cover;
- the type and physical condition of the wall to which the building will adjoin;
- required area and linear dimensions;
- construction materials planned for use.
All these data must be immediately stated in the application for designers. Usually, a terrace is placed on the wall in which the entrance is placed, which makes it possible to use the building not only for leisure, but also as a hallway, and as a porch.In cold areas it is recommended to put all extensions in the south and equip them with wide canopies. Where it is relatively warm, it is advisable to have terraces from the east or from the south, focusing on the maximum shading of the place. Be sure to take into account the prevailing winds, especially with significant force.
In any case, equip waterproofing over the support bar, to exclude penetration into the gap between the terrace and the house of various precipitation. Often use aprons from aluminum or steel with an external electroplated coating. The foundation is waterproofed with bitumen mastic or adhesive material (stacked in a pair of rows). When asked how to warm the terrace, the answer is very simple: no way, the building will not be heated anyway. After the manufacture of racks and rafters, their installation, it is required to sheathe such structures with the help of boards or polished slabs.
The voids separating the opposite edges are saturated with sawdust. But long before the construction of the rafters it is necessary to deal with the foundation of the terrace - there is also a lot of interesting things here.
Foundation
Foundation construction in most cases involves the use of blocks of concrete with dimensions of 0.3x0.3 m, which are deepened to half a height into solid solid ground.Usually the details are placed on a pillow of sand in such a way that the face protrudes 150 mm upwards. Then the frame parts will not rot due to contact with the invariably wet soil.
Important: the concrete blocks cast in artisanal conditions can replace factory products only in warm areas where there is no freezing of the soil.or it is mild. The pile foundation turns out to be the best and most economical solution in the middle lane over the heaving soil.
When choosing a design, they are guided first of all by the rigidity and stability of the structure as a whole, as well as by the conformity of the base under the terrace and under the main house; if it is not secured, the buildings may begin to deform. Racks (that is, pillars) are prepared in advance, with which the load created by the terrace will be distributed evenly on the foundation plane. For the most part, a cross section of 10x10 cm is attached to such elements, although for a large structure it will be necessary to increase the size of the supports.
It is important: to attach the rack to the foundation relies brackets, because pouring concrete will cause early rotting.
Racks can be made in two versions: in one they support the beams, in the other - pass through the flooring, forming fences or benches. Placing beams on racks can be a simple overlay or attachment with screws (bolts). Beams are placed horizontally, if necessary, lining is used for alignment. In those cases where it is planned to use not a flooring, but a solid construction made of wood, you need to give it a slight bias in the direction from the house (approximately 1%). By increasing the cross-section of the beams, you can make more and span between the individual posts, that is, save on the number of blocks at the base.
For the manufacture of lag is used most often boards of size 5x15 cm, put logs at right angles with a gap of 40, 60, 80 or 120 cm - it depends on how thick the flooring will be created. It is required to apply screw, grillage or pile-monolithic pile piles when there is a reservoir in the immediate vicinity of the construction site.
Flooring
When constructing a flooring, lags should not be visible, but they should still be arranged in advance both with the same distance and strictly parallel. Then fix the railing later it will be easier.Depending on the placement of the lag, it is possible to ensure an even and neat arrangement of the connecting screws. Or fails - if the work came unprofessionally. Lags are attached with screws (bolts) to the support bar at the walls.
This beam is positioned so that from the top point of the flooring to the base of the door opening there is a gap of 3 cm. Then precipitation does not fall into the room through the threshold. To fix the lag, it is necessary to use metal suspensions in the form of a Latin letter U. This is harder and more reliable than a joint made of screws and nails. In the case of the slightest damage or shear, momentary savings will result in substantial losses; The worst way to install all professionals consider the use of support bars.
Making the frame, most often they attach the beams to the high posts passed through the boardwalk (since a ready-made rail column is immediately created). For a span of 180 cm, beams with a section of 10x15 cm are recommended, and for a larger size of 240 cm, this indicator should be increased to 10x20 cm.
Attaching planks involves placing evenly bolts, a departure from the upper cut has at least four bolt diameters.For parts that will work in compression, you must also space to avoid cracking the wood. Boards for flooring should be no wider than 15 cm, otherwise the probability of warping of the material is great. 0.3 cm gaps are made between them so that water flows freely. Structures hanging over the edges outside the contour are the norm, it is undesirable to try to fit them strictly.
To nail the flooring relies galvanized nails, because the building is open to all winds and precipitation, rusting metal quickly deteriorate.
Fencing
Having prepared the flooring, you can start working with the railing; if you supplement them with a lattice according to your taste, you will be able to guarantee yourself peace and privacy in a quiet corner. It is required to carefully check how reliable the railing is. Destruction or even their simple bend when trying to lean on them will be a very unpleasant event. If you put on top of the board up to 10 cm wide, you can use the design as a stand for decorative objects. Each wooden part is treated with antiseptic mixtures, after which drying oils, paints, varnishes or stains are used.
Roof
There are many types of roofing solutions suitable for the terrace. Often the coating is made similar to the final part of the main building, then it is placed on wooden rafters, attached to the upper trim with the help of vertical posts. Solid competition with this option is the roof on the basis of polycarbonate. There are modifications with a roof from transparent grades of slate, from the tense awnings. Revealed volumetric umbrellas are a purely summer decision, and you will urgently need to clean furniture and household items when it starts to rain.
Decorative design
Details for decoration, installed from the inside or outside of the terrace, are very diverse. A typical solution involves the use of racks, balusters and railings attached to the roof supports or special beams. Instead of capital barriers around the perimeter, it is recommended to often use lightweight tulle, which gives space to lightness. We can not do without furniture - tables, chairs and even chairs; it is advisable to use pots with flowers and beautiful bushes. A good design step, some designers consider the use of hedges.
Professional Tips
According to experts, to build a terrace correctly is, first of all, to correctly estimate its required area. 15 square meters m only enough for the table, four chairs and walkways in between. If the area is between 15 and 30 m2, it is permissible to install one or two deck chairs. It is inappropriate to build an oblong terrace, the smallest width of which is 300-350 cm. In the house where young children live, it makes sense to add an extension with a sandbox.
Observing the simplest requirements and strictly following the generally accepted algorithm, it is possible to build a high-quality, comfortable terrace next to a country or country house.
How to properly attach the terrace to the house with your own hands, see the next video.