Facade plaster: features of choice and subtlety of work

The decoration of the facades is given much attention. Against the background of actively used finishing materials, special plaster is often perceived with skepticism. But this attitude is completely unreasonable - this material is able to express itself at its best and to decorate the exterior of the house.

Success is achieved provided that the best type of plaster is chosen. However, it should be applied in accordance with the technological requirements. You can clearly imagine this in the case when the specificity of decorative plaster is understood.

Simple and decorative plaster is always applied to the surface directly, it does not require the creation of crates, frame.For finishers, this material is attractive because there is no need to close small cracks, knock down the projections. All that is needed - make the layer thicker and the defects disappear by themselves.

You can decorate the facade of the house on a free (uncovered) wall and on top of the insulation. Experts identify several types of decorative plaster. Correctly choose the type of coverage will not work, if you do not know what their differences.

On the modern market of finishing materials a wide range of facade plaster is presented for different tastes and budgets. From the richest selection, we note several basic types of coverage that are most in demand among buyers.

Acrylic composition is made on the basis of acrylic resins - the ones that are used in the production of the famous PVA glue. These mixtures are delivered in a ready-to-use form; you do not need to mix them with other materials. More often, acrylic-based décor is applied on surfaces warmed with foam or polystyrene foam.

Positive aspects of such coverage are:

• vapor permeability;
• high elasticity;
• self-closing of minor defects;
• the presence of antibacterial components and fungicides;
• possibility of use at different temperatures;
• hydrophobic surface properties;
• possibility of washing the wall.

Minus acrylic plaster due to the accumulation of static electricity on it. It does not hit discharges, but it attracts and holds dirt, as well as dust.

The mineral variety of decorative plaster contains cement, its price is relatively small. This coating is particularly well permeable to steam and does not allow the development of harmful microorganisms. It is not subject to burning. Mineral formulations do not shrink or crack, even after complete drying. They:

• resistant to frost;
• well tolerated contact with water;
• ecologically safe;
• well washed.
• Difficulties begin with installation:
• it is required to dissolve dry matter;
• if the proportions are violated, the mixture will be unusable;
• without special training, it remains only to perform numerous tests or to turn to professionals.

Mineral plaster has a limited range of colors.It is easily destroyed by vibration and even under ideal conditions serves a maximum of 10 years.

Silicone plaster is more elastic than acrylic variety. It is able to patch up the faults of the facade that have already appeared and are emerging later. Its resistance to harmful biological factors, water, hypothermia is quite high. The appearance of an unpleasant odor is excluded, the warranty period of operation of such finishing is a quarter of a century.

Limits the use of such a composition of its significant cost. Silicate varieties are based on "liquid" glass, the purpose of their use is to cover the facades, which were previously insulated with a mineral wool board, polystyrene foam.

This material:

• does not gain static electricity;
• elastic;
• passes steam and pushes water away;
• does not require sophisticated care.

Only trained specialists can apply the silicate composition: it dries very quickly (there is almost no time for error correction).

Terrazitovaya plaster - a complex substance, the components of which are white cement, fluff, marble chips, white sand, mica, glass and a number of other materials. Such mixtures seize rapidly, so cooking them in large portions is unacceptable.

Preparation of terrazit plaster to use is reduced only to the dilution of dry mixtures with aqueous components.

Spheres of use of decorative plasters are quite diverse. With their help, it is possible to protect parts of the foundations raised above the soil level, to prevent cracking and weakening of the structure. Using ready-made dry mixtures, it is possible to weaken the effect of frost and water. The part of additives in such compositions increases their plasticity.

If the finish implies maximum savings, the solution is prepared independently on the basis of cement and sand with the addition of PVA glue.

If you need to finish a layer of insulation, plaster compositions are quite an effective solution to the problem. They can be applied to the foam, mineral wool. Builders can make a smooth and textured layer, embody a personalized solution. Work on the technology is carried out at a temperature not lower than +5 and not higher than +30 degrees (when it is dry and there is no strong wind).

Plastering on penoplex, polyfoam and polystyrene foam is produced by compositions intended for coating synthetic heat insulators.Some factories produce only coating mixtures, other companies are trying to give their product universal qualities. If you have to finish the facade, it will be better to buy a plaster of one brand. Applying plaster on the walls of aerated concrete is also quite possible.. Such a coating allows you to avoid the problem typical of any aerated concrete blocks - destruction upon contact with moisture.

According to professionals, the interior should be made earlier than the outside, and the gap should be 3 or 4 months. An exception is made only for buildings that are located on the banks of reservoirs or in particularly damp places.

After the construction of the houses of aerated concrete, they wait about six months, then finish the facade in the coming warm season.. For it you need to choose a composition that exceeds the vapor permeability layer of the base.

In this case, the plaster should be:

• frost resistant;
• elastic;
• adheres well to the surface.

Most often, professional builders use mineral plasters. Acrylic blends are not suitable for external processing..

Putting plaster allows to imitate a natural stone even on the most faded and inexpressive surfaces. The similarity of natural rocks with their roughness will create a coarse-grained composition.

A less expressive, but good-looking texture is created with the help of medium-sized plasters.

Often the question arises: is it permissible to plaster OSB slabs. After all, plaster easily absorbs atmospheric moisture and transfers it to the base. As a result, the service life of the panel is reduced. Therefore, professionals work like this:

• lining is fixed (bituminized cardboard, kraft paper or paper roofing material);
• assemble reinforcing mesh;
• watering the finished block with a special glue so that the net completely goes into it;
• ground base.

Each of these preparatory work is carried out only with a rigid connection of the plates with each other and with overlappings. Most often vapor-permeable mineral or silicate mixtures are used for the main plaster layer.When exterior work on the decoration of a private house, the use of DSP plates became widespread. An alternative to it is a multi-layer plastering over steel grids.

The DSP method is quite fast, but the life of such a coating is only 5 or 6 years (cracks begin to appear later). Choosing the second scheme, the builders will spend more effort and money, but the result will remain 10 - 15 years.

Cement-bonded chipboard is notable for its smoothness, excellent adhesion, it is difficult to distinguish it from the stone surface. To reduce the effects of thermal expansion and cracking, vertical or horizontal plaster sections may be used. (shared by decorative slats). It is acceptable to use modern flexible plaster based on acrylic, which transfers temperature drops from -60 to + 650 degrees.

Multilayer plasters can be applied only if the horizontal orientation of the chips in the plates (provided with a special installation).

Facade plasters on brick can be applied with a layer of a maximum thickness of 5 cm, even if reinforcement is carried out. The wet method of applying the composition will even out even extremely uneven surfaces and avoid a significant increase in the thickness of the walls.

Newly constructed brick walls cannot be plastered.. It is required to wait for full compaction and drying to avoid cracking or shedding the entire applied layer.

After a certain type of plaster is selected, it is necessary to find out how much of the mixture will be spent. Even in new built houses that fully meet the required standards, the difference between real and ideal walls can be about 2.5 cm.

Accurately know this figure will help the use of the construction level. The calculation is carried out for each square meter separately, placing the lighthouses and estimating with their help the necessary thickness of the cladding.

Responsible manufacturers consistently indicate consumption based on the assumption that the layer thickness will be 1 cm. Do not apply too much plaster, ignoring the average rateotherwise there is a risk of cracking and shedding.

Facade decorative plaster consumed in an amount of up to 9 kg per 1 square. m., in the case of cement mixtures, this figure is doubled. At least 5 mm of plaster is applied on the brick walls, the maximum thickness can be 50 mm (with reinforced mesh, without it this parameter is 25 mm).

When the material is selected, purchased and brought, you need to prepare for plastering. Preparation begins with leveling the surface, to prevent material overruns. If the difference with the vertical and horizontal planes exceeds 4 cm, it is necessary to compensate for the defects by means of a steel mesh, which is held on nails or self-tapping screws. The wall must be cleaned from the slightest dirt and grease.

Adhesion of the applied layer with the base is provided by:

• creating notches of concrete or covering it with a metal net;
• upholstery wood shingles;
• placing brick walls in the wasteland or masonry joints.

Where there are different in terms of shrinkage temperature or moisture expansion of the material, use of steel tape, formed by cells of 1x1 cmThe width of the strip can not be less than 200 mm. As an option, sometimes create expansion joints (breaks plaster layer). As beacons on the facade surface, when the plaster is created for the first time, inventory metal markings or slat strips 40 to 50 mm wide are used.

For the device plaster layer you need to buy high-quality rollers and other necessary tools.

It does not matter whether wooden beacon rails or metal ones are used, they are removed before the final coating is applied. This is important because with the usual method of operation, contact with liquid is inevitable, as is the effect of precipitation.

When leveling, part of the protective layer, if it is, will be removed. If the wall is particularly dry or made of a hygroscopic material, it must be primed twice or even three times..

Wet plastering technology allows almost to not increase the thickness of the walls and to minimize the load on the supporting elements. At the same time, thermal conductivity and protection against extraneous sounds are improved. Although the construction is lightweight, the basement profile is carefully assembled.Otherwise, the lining will be fragile and will be quickly destroyed.

Installation of profiles start at 3 - 4 cm above the soil level. The distance between attachment points should be made no more than 20 cm. The joints at the corners should be fixed with a specially designed for this angular profile. The edges of the mats or plates are not covered with glue; they indent at least 30 mm.

Plastering the wall with your own hands is not so easy, the machine technique helps to simplify the work. Even the most prepared and responsible plasterers will not be able to guarantee the strictly identical composition of the mixture in all portions. If you apply the same plaster in a mechanized way, it will be much easier to sustain stable performance.. This means that the house outside will be more attractive. The machine during operation introduces air into the mixture, so the consumption of the composition decreases.

It is recommended to carefully select the shade that is harmoniously combined with the surrounding space. Light tones retain their original color longer than dark ones. To keep the surface beautiful longer, small cracks need to be fixed in time, without waiting for them to grow.

Separate types of plaster can be used for additional warming (haunklif). You should not expect that in the winter they will be as effective as mineral wool and foam. But to enhance thermal protection, such a solution is quite acceptable.

For more information on the choice of plaster facade, see the following video.