How to choose the glass?

Everyone knows that any glass unit is warmer than ordinary single glasses in an old-style frame, which is possible due to the design features and innovations used in the production of window designs. The level of heat and noise insulation of the room will depend on the reliability of the glass unit. Manufacturers offer various options that differ not only in size or design, but also in the number of glasses, chambers, profile material and options. This allows the use of windows for different regions and climatic conditions. It is important to rationally approach the choice of window design, so that it meets the requirements of the buyer, while not overpaying.

A standard double-glazed window consists of several parallel sheets of glass, which are separated by a metal spacer frame of a certain width. High-quality windows must retain heat and isolate the room from the penetration of noise, so the space between the windows resembles a camera with air, which greatly increases the thermal and sound insulation of the window unit. Accordingly, the more glasses and cameras, the higher these indicators. In addition, inside the spacers there is a moisture-absorbing substance that prevents the windows from fogging. In the windows of the new type of glass is usually located two centimeters from each other, and sometimes at an even smaller distance. This is necessary in order to eliminate the phenomenon of convection, when air is moving freely between the glasses, which causes more heat loss.

The most common type of glass - is single-chamber. It is used in most technical windows, for example, for cafes and restaurants, offices and warehouses, as well as other public spaces. In addition, a single-glass unit will be sufficient in a region with a warm climate, where winters are almost without snow.In the middle lane, as a rule, two-chamber window structures are common, and in northern latitudes, with three or even five cameras. The thicker the structure, the greater its weight, so you should take care of reliable material from which the window profile is made, and take into account the load on the wall.

A good option would be to use single-chamber glass with special energy-saving glass, when the window construction is as light as possible, while its heat-shielding properties are at a height. And in order to increase the level of sound insulation, you should pay attention to the two-chamber double-glazed windows with different widths of spacers. This design effectively dampens sound waves due to asynchronous glass vibrations.

The technical requirements and characteristics of glass packs include the following:

• glass block thickness;
• shape and size;
• the number of chambers between the panes;
• thermal conductivity level;
• sound insulation coefficient;
• level of protection against ultraviolet radiation;
• security level;
• additional parameters, such as the presence of the micro-ventilation mode or the ability to change the color of the glass;
• compliance with the requirements of GOST or other standards.

Marking of glass unit 4-12-4-6-4 will mean that it has 3 glasses of 4 mm each and 2 chambers (12 mm and 6 mm). The thermal characteristics of glass packs depend on the number of chambers and the thickness of the glasses. All these values ​​affect the cost of the window. Another standard marking might look like this: 5k-8Ar-4-12Ar-4k is a 3-chamber double-glazed window, in the chambers between the glasses of which argon is pumped. Such a powerful design is suitable for noisy cities, and for use in cold climates, since the heat and noise insulation properties are excellent.

Specifications depend on the type of glass, the width of the spacer, as well as the sealant used. Single-chamber double-glazed windows have a thickness of 16, 18, 20 or 24 mm. It is logical that the thicker the glass, the more it retains heat and delays noise. Two-chamber double-glazed windows have three glasses with two airbags. Double-glazed windows of the three-chamber type consist of four glasses and three air chambers. The design is quite heavy, so you need to take into account the load on the foundation and the walls of the building. There are even five-chamber double-glazed windows designed exclusively for use in harsh climates.

Universal window construction can be called a glass unit 24 mm. It has such major advantages as: low weight, high level of sound and heat insulation, combination of any window designs with this glass, attractive appearance and at the same time quite reasonable cost. Such windows are found literally everywhere: in apartments, country and country houses, offices, cottages, schools, shops, hospitals and other public places.

Depending on the number of cameras, there are several types of glass packs.

• Single chamber double glazing It has double glass, it is the cheapest, is lightweight and easy to install. As well as the advantages should be attributed to the high level of translucency, and the disadvantages - the low level of thermal insulation. Therefore, at low temperatures such windows are unlikely to save. The level of sound insulation is also not very high. The only place where it is better to install such a glass unit is on the window overlooking the glazed loggia or in the office and technical premises.

• Two-chamber double-glazed window - this is the "golden mean", it is used by the majority of people in our country.It costs more, but such an acquisition will quickly pay off, since you will have to pay much less for heating. The greatest demand is the glass unit with a thickness of 4 mm and cameras in 14 and 12 mm.

• Three-chamber double-glazed window recommended for use in areas of Siberia and the Far North, where the temperature in winter can drop to -30 degrees Celsius and below. The width of the glass will be about 60 mm, and the weight of the structure will be significant due to the glass. Therefore, it is important to choose the right profile to reduce the load on fittings and fasteners. It is necessary to take into account the fact that the three-chamber glass unit will allow less sunlight in.

Depending on the purpose of a particular room in an apartment or house, the options for using glass packs may be as follows:

• one or two-chamber installation is possible in the kitchen;
• in a residential area, a minimum two-chamber window construction is recommended;
• in the bedroom - a three-chamber, which will protect from any noise outside.

As for the glass used, it can be ordinary, 4–6 mm thick, or special. For example, energy-efficient low-emission glazing will help reduce heating costs.A glass with a special coating capable of delaying short-wave radiation, that is, to keep warm. At the same time energy saving is, as a rule, one glass in a double-glazed window. The double-glazed window with energy-saving glass acts on the principle that it allows heat to pass outside and does not release it back. For regions of the Far North or Siberia, such a glass unit will become a real find, because it is through glass that more than half of the heat in the room is lost.

Designs with I-glass produced by spraying on the basis of silver. Consumer quality of this glass is much better than usual, it has high energy efficiency, high light transmission and the absence of condensation. Designs with K-glass are less popular, which is to blame for the high price and uneven metal layer on the surface, causing it to iridescence. Even the thinnest metal layer of 10–15 nanometers will reduce the level of thermal conductivity of a window construction by 90%, while not changing the high light transmittance of glass. Due to such savings, the high cost of energy-saving double-glazed windows pays off in the first year after their installation.

Many modern manufacturers of double-glazed windows are introducing innovative technologies for vacuum filling of the chamber with argon and xenon. The advantage of such structures is increased heat and sound insulation, but there are also disadvantages. Since the inert gas must be pumped under high pressure, this requires increased strength of the sealing layer. The slightest seal defects provoke a gradual gas leakage, therefore, over time, the double-glazed window chambers will have to be filled again, which will lead to additional financial costs.

Special sun-glazed windows should be installed when the windows face south. UV protection is performed by a special dubbing film, hardened glass and mirror surfaces. This design will carry the function of the filter, while providing an adequate level of lighting. In addition to glass with applied film, there are double-glazed windows, tinted by spraying, as well as tempered glass of enamel coating, which can have a variety of shades.

The noise insulating glass unit uses multi-layer triplex and soundproof film. For the full effect of noise insulation and acoustic mounting foam is used. In addition, triplex is an increased safety, since such a glass unit cannot be broken into fragments. Such designs are able to reduce the noise level by 25-30 dB. For example, if the windows overlook a multi-lane highway, the room noise level will not exceed 55 dB, which corresponds to the level of a quiet conversation. And if the windows overlook the pedestrian street, the noise will not be heard at all.

Fire-resistant and fire-prevention double-glazed windows without problems will sustain action of high temperatures, at the same time remaining safe for health. This is possible through the use of metal mesh as a frame. Shock resistant windows are made on the same principle - they resist mechanical damage, prevent hacking and break without fragments. In addition, there are so-called smart self-cleaning windows. For example, in Japan, a dirt-repellent coating has been used for a long time, which is especially important for high-rise buildings, the washing of glass of which is a big problem. Dirt and dust on a similar glass pane under the influence of sunlight is gradually destroyed, and then simply washed off by rain.There are also double-glazed windows that can change the level of transparency of the glass or turn into frosted, as well as heated window designs, so that ice does not form on them in winter.

Mirror glazing, which, in fact, is one of the varieties of tinted, used for glazing of public buildings, to prevent the ingress of infrared radiation. Such windows let in only natural light and regulate the ingress of heat, which is important in the summer months, and simply perform an aesthetic function, effectively decorating the building from the outside. In addition, these double-glazed windows have a high level of strength, as the protective film reliably withstands random mechanical effects and is not afraid of the negative effects of external factors.

Mirror designs are used in the following areas:

• shopping centers;
• office rooms;
• athletic facilities;
• theaters;
• elite new buildings.

Armored windows help protect the premises from vandal attacks, mechanical damage and even bullets or a blast wave. Reinforcement is an installation inside the glass metal mesh.Such glass is distinguished by an unusual “muddy” appearance with less transparency, but the reliability and durability of the structure are presented at a height. This glass does not shatter into fragments, so it is often used in shops, offices and other non-residential premises. Armored windows are divided into several protection classes, and if Smart Glass technology is used in production, you can even change the transparency of the glasses so that you are not visible.

The materials for the profile of the glass unit can be different. Eco-friendly, beautiful, but, unfortunately, a rather expensive option is wooden frames. Natural wood will require special care and treatment with antiseptic to protect against moisture. With high-quality preparation of the profile and its good drying, the tree is durable and reliable. As a rule, experts recommend the use of alder, oak, aspen or larch wood. In addition to the spectacular design and safety for health, the tree has an excellent heat capacity, so behind such windows it will be warm in winter. Among the drawbacks, it is worth noting the possibility of swelling and cracking with inadequate care of the wooden surface.

The most economical option is to install plastic windows made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This material is moisture resistant, good thermal insulation and the ability to diversify the design by sticking laminated film. In addition, PVC windows do not swell and do not rot, in difference, for example, from wooden frames. And among the shortcomings worth noting the flammability of this material. PVC profile is affordable, which is why it has gained such popularity among the inhabitants of our country.

The number of cameras of such a profile can be from 2 to 8. Accordingly, the more cameras, the better the protection against cold. The thickness of the outer and inner walls in the cross section is usually 3 mm. Plastic profiles with a smaller thickness are used in non-residential premises and public buildings. The presence of metal reinforcement inside the profile increases the strength and durability of the structure.

Recently, aluminum window profiles are gaining special popularity because they are lightweight, yet durable and affordable. Since aluminum is not an ideal heat insulator, its properties can be improved by installing a thermal insert that increases the heat capacity of the structure.The advantages of the aluminum profile are strength, durability and low flammability, and the disadvantages are the low heat capacity of the “cold” profiles and the high cost of the “warm” structures. It is logical that the “cold” profile is used in the southern climatic zones or in public premises, and the more expensive “warm” one is installed in rooms in conditions of frosty winters.

Recently, there is a common trend - not to make windows dull and white "like everyone else", but to be distinguished by a peculiar design, choosing a profile or tinted glass of an unusual shade. If recently, colored plastic windows were expensive and practically inaccessible to the average person, now their cost exceeds the usual by only 20%, so anyone can show imagination and install double-glazed windows to his own taste and in accordance with the overall design of the building. Colored windows not only look beautiful, but are also not subject to environmental influences, are fire resistant and are as easy to maintain as possible. There are one-sided colored windows, when lamination is applied on the one hand, double-sided and the most expensive windows with a color base.The lamination process is that a multi-layer coating is applied to the base of the PVC profile. The bottom coating of semi-solid film is covered with paint, protected from external influences.

As for the shades of the profile, the white and shade “under the tree” are popular. It can be light brown, a shade of mahogany, dark brown or a rich chocolate color. Colored plastic windows stand out against the general background of standard white glass units and give the house a personality and a unique look. And decorative glass is produced in any shades and even with imitation of an ornament or stained glass pattern.

When choosing a glass unit, you should pay attention to the distance frames, which play an important role in maintaining the maximum efficiency of glass units. This frame is part of the design. The remote frame can be flexible or rigid and is part of the frame of the glass unit that separates the sheets of glass. It depends on it whether condensation will form on the windows and to mist over the glass. For this, the spacers are filled with a desiccant that absorbs moisture.That is why diffusion holes are present along the entire length of the profile.

To prevent the glasses from sticking together due to a decrease in pressure between them due to a too narrow frame, it is necessary to choose its width not less than 10 mm. And the maximum allowable frame value is 15 mm, otherwise air will begin to circulate between the glasses and the thermophysical indicators of the structure, respectively, will drop significantly. Plastic, aluminum or galvanized steel is used for the manufacture of the distance profile. The most common option is aluminum, such a frame is also called a profile with double-row perforation. The advantages of the steel frame is the absence of a “cold bridge” and, accordingly, the lowest thermal conductivity of all materials. And plastic frames effectively prevent condensation.

Thermoplastic distance frames or differently TPS are, as a rule, made in Germany. They use polyisobutylene profiles. Together with the framework, a special sealant is used to protect the glass unit from moisture. Among other advantages of this innovative material it is necessary to note the support of various forms of glass packs,resistance to damage and temperature fluctuations due to the elastic design, as well as perfect adhesion to glass. The remote framework according to the TGI method implies the use of an adsorbent that is poured into a profile tank. The advantages of this design are low thermal conductivity, protection against the appearance of condensate and resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

Warm distance frames by the method of Super Spacer come from the United States. They have a thermal conductivity many times less than the popular aluminum profile. An important advantage of such a framework is the elasticity of the structure, thanks to which the frame is easily adapted for double-glazed windows of any shape and size. An equally important criterion when choosing a glass unit is a sealant, because thermal and sound insulation directly depends on its quality, as well as protection of fittings from ingress of dust and dirt. In window systems, one to three seal loops are used. They are external, internal or intermediate and seal the moving part of the structure, located on both sides of the glass unit. Experts recognize that the best performance has a composite composition EPDM (EPTK).

If it is difficult to determine the manufacturer, you should focus on financial opportunities, because there are double-glazed windows from economy class to premium. If you need an inexpensive, but at the same time high-quality construction, you need to pay attention to the Russian manufacturers Veka, Sok, Proplex or Di Fence. The middle class includes the Rehau, Montblanc, KBE trademarks, which have production facilities in our country. Premium class is the most expensive, but you can be completely sure about the quality and reliability of products. Thyssen and Trocal are also included.

Before installing ordered double-glazed windows, you need to make sure that they are whole and of good quality, and for this you should conduct a preliminary inspection. On the double-glazed windows should be the manufacturer's information about the materials used. There should not be chips, cracks and any optical distortion. The glass should be smooth and have the same thickness over the entire surface, which can be easily checked with a rail. And the sealant, whether it is inside or outside, should not leak, that is, everything should look as neat as possible.

After installing double-glazed windows with your own hands or with the help of specialists, it is important not to forget about regular maintenance in order to extend the life of the structures. It will be enough to clean the window structures of dust several times a year. Of course, if you live in a big city or a region with an unfavorable ecology, you will have to clean more often - as the glass unit is contaminated. It is important to timely clean not only the glass surface, but also the seals, so that the heat does not go out if they wear out prematurely. Wash soap solutions or special window sprays, as well as soft, lint-free wipes, are used to clean windows, profiles, and seals. It is necessary to avoid detergents with abrasive particles, as well as excessively coarse cleaning material, so as not to damage the surface of the glass.

With every cleaning you should definitely air the fittings - how tightly it is fixed, and tighten loose parts as necessary. It should be lubricated with oil fittings at least 2 times a year. You should not neglect the study of all instructions and technical characteristics of glass packs, because it will help not only extend the life of the products, but also create the most comfortable living conditions for themselves and their households.When choosing a glass unit, you should pay attention to accessories with anti-burglary characteristics that can withstand the effects of many tools. There are also such additional functions of the hardware, such as the stepped opening of a window so that it does not slam in the draft. If there are children in the apartment, it is worth using glass blocking systems that prevent the child from opening the window. Usually it is removable handles, hidden latches and all kinds of mortise or false locks.

Many try to put a new glass unit only in the warm season. In fact, you can save considerably if you install a double-glazed window in the winter. It was then that manufacturers offer significant discounts. This is a great option for those who have not yet moved into a new home, and the problem that replacing windows will make the room more interesting does not bother you. Ideally, plastic windows can be set to -10ºС outside temperature, and the indoor temperature should not fall below + 5ºС. This is necessary so that the mounting foam can dry out without problems.

Do not neglect the help of professionals and are afraid to ask additional questions, for example,If the windows face the sunny side, the measurer may advise you to equip the glazing units with an additional reflective material. In addition, a good specialist will explain the process of "step-by-step" airing of the room. From the side of the room there should be a vapor barrier in the form of a continuous circuit. For this, butyl rubber or aluminum self-adhesive tapes are suitable. This is necessary so that with time the foam insulation does not crumble under the influence of rain and the wind, cold air and noise do not penetrate through the seams.

If you need large-sized window frames, it is worth considering that their maximum parameters should not exceed 30 mm in height and 32 mm in width. This is necessary so that the double-glazed windows do not deform over time. It is very important to observe the summer and winter mode when setting up the fittings, because for a few years it is possible to extend the life of the profiles. Budget windows may not have such a function, but high-quality double-glazed windows are necessarily equipped with it. Their accessories are translated using pins on the side of the sash.

If the onset of cold weather feels like blowing around the perimeter of the sash, it’s time to switch the windows to winter mode.Unfortunately, the winter mode is much harder to wear the seal, so without the great need to "turn on" it is not worth it. And the summer mode, on the contrary, is able to provide microcirculation of air and its entry into the room through small gaps. If it is wrong to relocate the fittings, the window may break, so it’s best to contact the experts. And it is very simple to check the force of the squeeze of the sash: you need to squeeze a piece of paper with a sash and try to remove it. In the summer mode, you can do it without problems, and in the winter mode it is unlikely.

When installing PVC windows it should be borne in mind that the window sill is mounted first and should be installed as smoothly as possible.that is checked both on a longitudinal arrangement, and on cross. A drainage should be installed on the slopes, making a stock of 20-30 mm in length. The gaps between the window and the wall according to GOST are filled with self-expanding foam and waterproofing tape. In order to preserve the protective film, the excess foam is usually not cut off, but there should not be excess foam with a quality installation. After installing a plastic window during the day is not recommended to use it.It should tightly close the sash, so as not to spoil the integrity of the seams.

You should follow how the measurer makes the window metering. At the same time, the window should be fully opened, measured on the outer part of the opening. If measurement is not done according to the rules, then you should ask the measurer to observe them. Often the window blocks do not correspond to the opening, which is to blame for the measurer, and not the installer. If in the block-panel housing openings, as a rule, standard sizes and problems should not arise, then with the installation of glass in brick (Stalin) houses will be more difficult.

If you listen to the advice of professionals and customer reviews on the Internet, windows with popular Rehau, KBE and Veka profiles are not at all intended for installation in high-rise buildings. They are suitable for use up to 4 floors. Since the higher the floor, the stronger the wind blows, and the double-glazed windows are blown harder. If you live on a high floor, you should choose windows with multiple outlines of the seal. If you want to install a glass unit on your own, you should take into account that there are a lot of pitfalls in such a process.And if the installation will be made by a certain company, the warranty on the installed double-glazed windows will be valid for several years.

The average service life of a glass unit whose chambers are filled with inert gas is 10 years. Therefore, you need to take care after this period and refill the glass unit with gas again, if you want to keep its heat-saving and sound-proofing properties. If you want to give the glass unit an original look, you can use such decorative elements as sprosa - these are metal strips inside the glass unit with the texture of silver or gold. As well as designers often use all sorts of false linings that are mounted directly on the glass, allowing you to adapt any glazing to the design features of a particular building. A spectacular design technique is also the design of doors and windows in the room in the same style.

For information on how to choose the right window, see the next video.