What is a siege and why is it needed?

Many have never heard of any upset, but when dealing with a wooden house, you cannot do without this important element. A siege or okosyachka does not allow the window or door openings to “leave”, and this does not prevent the house from sitting down properly.

The well-known truth is that over time, the wood shrinks, and this shrinkage is a significant percentage. It is not surprising that the presence of this fact serves as a weighty reason to abandon the installation of windows and doors immediately into a bare timber, because this will lead to the fact that over time they simply “squeeze”.

Unfortunately, over time the situation does not get better. Wood has a specific property that swell, then shrink back under the influence of temperature fluctuations. To minimize the negative impact of these fluctuations, and came up with such a detail as the osyachyku.

A siege, or okosyachka - this is a special wooden frame that suppresses pressure directly on the window, thereby leveling the negative impact of fluctuations. The siege has such a structure that allows you to slightly shift it from time to time, thereby completely protecting the window from any effects. So, the functions of okosyachki include:

• leveling offset and warping openings;
• minimizing the risk of depressurization and, therefore, the occurrence of cracks;
• stopping the deformation of doors and window glass packs installed in their places;
• keeping the crowns in their places, thereby maintaining the shape of the whole log.

A siege consists of several parts:

• casing box;
• mezhventsovy sealant or spike with a seal;
• mortgage bar (not always);
• internal and external platbands;
• low tide;

Visually the device can be seen on the scheme below.

Each of the parts performs its own special function, so that it is not possible to abandon one of them. That is why experienced builders recommend to buy ready-made casing from a well-known manufacturer, and not to make it alone.In this case, there is practically no risk of forgetting about some detail.

When selecting items should also pay attention to the following indicators:

• All the elements for okosyachki should be narrower than 2.6 cm. If this condition is not met, then the siege will crack with time and will not perform its duties properly.
• The moisture content of wooden parts should not exceed 10%. With greater humidity, there is a high risk of fungus and other microorganisms, and with less humidity - internal cracks.
• Cessation is needed when installing wooden, and when installing plastic windows. The difference is that for wooden windows and doors, you can make a simple okosyachku, and for plastic will require a complex analog.

There are many types of okosyachki: compound, normal, reverse secret and many others. Each type is better suited for a particular type of window. It is worth noting that the largest choice is available for wooden windows: here the choice is almost unlimited.

By and large, there are two main types of okosyachki: "in a thorn" and "in a groove". Both in the first and in the second case the fixation occurs due to the friction force, which does not allow the windows to “fly out” in the future. It is necessary to take into account that both in the bath and in the house the siege is carried out in a similar way. The technology will not differ.

Each type has its pros and cons, which must be considered before making a choice. It should also be borne in mind that the differences between the internal and external okosyachkoy quite significant. However, the thorn-groove lock is present both there and there.

In this section, we will consider the most preferable ways to make a mowing device. Some other options, such as Old Russian, secret or other, are better to be entrusted to specialists, and for independent execution choose one of the given constructions.

U-shaped kosyachku also called "in the pack." It should be borne in mind that this option is the most expensive of all the above, so you should take it only if you are confident enough in your abilities and have considerable experience in the construction of timber.

U-shaped okosyachka performed "in the groove." Grooves are cut along the perimeter of the window, after which the actor is attached with self-tapping screws, and the window sill or threshold (for doorways) is attached with wooden nails.Wooden nails are also called nails.

In order to fully understand exactly how the window opening is being cut through, the installation of this type of okosyachka and the window itself, we recommend watching this video.

The main idea is that the U-shaped okosyachka is not the easiest option for independent execution, but with the proper skills to make a high-quality casing of a window or door using this technology is quite realistic.

The T-shaped okosyachka is in many respects similar to the U-shaped, but at the same time is the inverse of it. So, instead of a groove in the previous case, a spike is made here, and the groove is cut directly into the box itself. As in the previous case, this method is quite expensive, but still significantly inferior in financial terms, U-shaped analogue.

T-shaped kosyachku perform technology "in the spike monolith." A spike is made along the perimeter of the window, to which a healer, a window sill or a threshold with existing grooves are attached to the sides. Unlike the previous case, the mount is performed without the help of screws. It is worth taking note that in this case, you first need to fix the lower parts - a window sill or threshold, and only then proceed to fixing the risers (side parts) and the actor.

Draft round is the cheapest of all kinds. This is due to several factors, the main of which is the use of cheap materials. The use of this method is not always justified, however, if we are talking about a house or a bath, which will be further processed later (including window and door spaces), another choice will be a waste of money, time and effort.

When making a rough casing refuse to build a quarter under the window. For the manufacture takes planed board with certain dimensions. Its thickness is usually 30-40 mm, and width - 20 cm. It should be borne in mind that the final width depends entirely on the width of the wall itself.

There are several ways of arranging a draft okosyachki: with the installation of a window inside the opening, with trim casing and dobori and so on. Depending on the method chosen, the complexity and location of the glass in the finished casing differs. Installation is carried out on self-tapping screws or mounting plates, all fastenings must pass through the window profile.

The advantages include such qualities as the use of inexpensive materials and ease of installation. Even a newbie can handle this job. Unfortunately, there are a lot more minuses here than pluses. First, poor quality material is subject to rotting and cracking, which negatively affects the service life and the appearance of the casing. Secondly, the windows will be very cold. Thirdly, it is imperative that additional finishing of windows or doors be required.

Unlike the previous case, here you will not need further design of the window or door frame. It will initially look beautiful enough to leave it unchanged. This option is made of laminated veneer lumber or material composed of lamellae, well glued to each other.Due to the specifics of the material, the finishing dough can withstand low temperatures without freezing and warping.

The thickness of the finishing casing should be at least 65 mm, otherwise it will not be possible to make a quarter under the window, which is a mandatory component of this type of okosyachka. If you choose a smaller thickness, that the space for installing the window will be too thin, thus, a significant part of the safety margin will be lost.

Installation is carried out in almost the same way as in the case of the draft casing. Finishing design can be mounted "in the spike" or "in the groove." The box turns out clean and aesthetically attractive, so there is no need to continue to engage in additional finishing work.

This option has many advantages: the use of quality material, as a result of which the probability of rot or warping disappears. Glued lamella material is able to resist high loads and temperature changes, including freezing. And the main advantage is that there is no need to additionally finish door or window frames in the future.Among the minuses can be distinguished higher cost and complexity compared to the draft.

Arched siege differs slightly from the rest, in essence, being only a decorative variety of them. A significant difference lies in the laboriousness of the device: in the case of the arched version, you will have to face many difficulties, mainly due to the atypical form of this type of okosyachka.

In a wooden house, you can equip the arched okosyachku of several elements or from a single bar, bent as necessary. In order to bend a wooden beam, you first need to act on it with hot steam. So the wood fibers will soften and become malleable.

After the arched casing has been completed, the remaining elements will need to be purchased, of which the arched platbands are important.

Thus, the manufacture of an arched window in a wooden house, including the curtains to it, is a rather laborious task, which is not on the shoulder of the beginning master.In this case, if possible, it is better to contact a specialized firm dealing with such issues.

The main distinguishing feature of power ticks is the scope of their application. When arranging bath or ordinary windows, there is no need for such a complex structure, but when it comes to panoramic, arched windows, gates or balcony doors, a reinforced box is what is needed. Power siege is just to strengthen the door or window box.

Power siege is constructed by the adhesive method (as well as fair). It turns wood from 90 mm thick, due to which increased rigidity is achieved. The rest of the structure is the same. Power siege can be arranged "in the thorn" or "in the groove."

Basically, the power okosyachka is made for doorways, except in certain cases when the window really requires such a reinforced box. Moreover, this kind of an obsad can be done for both wooden and plastic windows.

It is accepted to call the Euro Obsade a ready-made kit for the manufacture of the casing itself, which is manufactured on a turnkey basis and is already supplied fully assembled. The Euro-subunit can be U-shaped “in a deck”, T-shaped “in a thorn monolith”, T-shaped with a mortgage bar.

The last method deserves special attention. T-shaped okosyachka with mortgage bar does not differ from the manufacture of the option "in the thorn of the monolith." The only thing to remember is that This type is mainly used for arranging door boxes, not window ones.

Thus, it is possible to call the Euro Obsade any fine okosyachku, made to order by any agency or firm and supplied ready-made for further installation. Like everyone else, such a census consists of a riser, a window sill or threshold, and a top man. All parts are interconnected by means of locks, which allows you to do without the use of screws, nails or other fastening material.

Combined casing is called so, because it is made of two types of materials. For the manufacture of bases using solid wood, for example, pine, and the outer layer - from the laminated plate, which combines different types of wood, including valuable species.This okosyachka is fair and does not require further finishing.

The main advantages of this method include a great combination of price and quality. With relatively low cash costs, you can get a high-quality and attractive result, because the base made of inexpensive wood will not be visible.

The only way out is to order a ready-made set from a well-known manufacturer who will manufacture an inexpensive and high-quality kit. Installation can be made independently.

The choice of materials used in the manufacture of okosyachki, can not be called large. Basically, everything is limited to the use of wood, so you can only talk about different types of array. So, often choose the wood of inexpensive conifers - pine or spruce. The natural moisture content of wood is the condition in which it resides at the time of the cut. Unfortunately, the indicator is often far from the reference 10%, so the array has to be further dried.

When making corners, you may need additional parts, such as mounting brackets or metal corners. These metal elements allow for additional rigidity and reinforce the frame.

At arrangement of a draft casing, fastenings are required: pins, self-tapping screws, nails. In the case of a finishing okosyachkoy no additional fasteners are usually not required, since a sufficient degree of fixation is achieved through the use of locks.

The wooden window is less “fastidious” than its “colleague” of PVC. So, a draft okosyachka is also suitable for a wooden window, and in some cases it will not have to be finished further. On the other hand, the manufacture and installation of a wooden window is quite laborious.

When doing a wooden window around the window, metal and fasteners, such as screws and nails, will be required. As regards the mow-yer itself, no matter how it will be done (“into a thorn” or “into a groove”), it will be necessary to make a box of the required thickness, preferably from the same wood from which the house is made, if it is timbered or cant .

Also need insulation.

For plastic windows, there are only two types of okosyachki: fair and power. In both cases, the list of materials used will be approximately the same:

• side racks or carriages are made of timber, the thickness of which is equal to the thickness of the timber from which the house is made;
• the upper part of the octopus or the apex is also made of a bar, the dimensions of which are 5x15 cm;
• as a heater you can use natural materials such as jute or flax batting and mineral wool;
• the presence of antiseptic impregnation, which will prevent the occurrence of mold, mildew and other microorganisms;
• It is imperative to take care of the presence of hydro and vapor insulation, which must be located on both sides - it prevents the formation of condensate both on the double-glazed windows and in the gaps between the octagus and the walls.

Casing dimensions do not have strict regulation according to GOST or SNiP standards, however this does not mean that there are no requirements on dimensions. Before they were already casually touched upon, but for a fuller understanding it is necessary to delve a little into this question.

First of all, there are two factors that influence the size of the tick: the width of the walls and the size of the window or door opening. Depending on this, the length and width of the bars used for the casing is determined.

As for the section, the most commonly used timber is 15x15 cm or 36x15 cm with a deck equal to 100 mm. The pinnacle is made in the proportions of 5x15 cm. The reinforced casing is made of a 100 x 200 mm bar to level possible increased loads.

Having decided to order a ready-made project on a turnkey basis, it is recommended to first draw up a drawing in which all the measurements of a window or a doorway will be fully reflected.If you are not sure that you can correctly take all measurements, it is recommended to apply for such services to a specialized company. As practice shows, the production of okosyachek and the removal of all measurements can be ordered in the same company.

Many of the companies offer metering for free when contacting them for a casing. Be sure to use this service if it is available.

As for the largest manufacturers, the best recommendations were given about the following firms:

• "Euroobsad";
• Obsadaru;
• LLC Rusobsad;
• "Nareevo";
• "Soligalichsky plant".

Each of the manufacturers is located not only in Moscow and in the Moscow region, but also in the regions of Russia. Thus, it is possible to order quality products in areas remote from the central part.

Self-made siege has many advantages. In the first place is a significant savings in money, since in this case you only need to spend money on the purchase of materials. Secondly, there is always the opportunity to spend time sensibly and at the same time to refresh your knowledge of the construction business.

To make an okosyachku own hands, you need to know the size of the window opening. It is worth keeping in mind that The window opening should be 13 cm larger than the frame.

In order to make an okosyachku yourself, you need to cut a spike in a bar. In the future, grooves are cut out in the bars with a section of 10x15 cm - these will be side racks. The carriage should be 5 cm larger than the window, and the spike should also be 5 cm wide and deep.

An edged board with a section of 4x15 cm is needed for the manufacture of the actor. It also sawed a groove.

First put the upper part, after which - the carriages. No fasteners can be used, since the casing must “float” inside the window opening. If you fix the parts on the screws or nails, it will not be able to fulfill its role properly.

All gaps are warmed and caulk, and then go directly to the installation window.

The dismantling of the existing window must be done carefully so that the installed obsad will not be damaged. Otherwise, you have to dismantle it.

To carry out all the work you will need not so many tools. Professionals cost only a wooden mallet for fastening and a saw and jigsaw for forming parts.

A door opening is held not only for the front door, but also for interior spaces. The difference is that for the entrance opening it is necessary to make a power mowing, while for the interior one an ordinary one will be suitable. Tools will need the same as for the device casing doors. Manufacturing technology is no different.

In a timbered house without cassation is indispensable. It not only makes the appearance of window and door openings more attractive, but also serves functional purposes - protects installed windows or doors from warping.

When arranging a bath, the obsad is done to ensure tightness inside the premises. Heat should not come out through the bath windows or doors, otherwise the stove will run almost empty.

Okosyachka is made not only for classic rectangular windows, but also for trapezoidal, arched, broken. Depending on the complexity, prices will also vary when contacting a company specializing in the production of casing.

In a frame house, if it is made of wood, the installation of an okosyachki will also be needed. Despite the different technology of its construction, this does not mean that it is insured against shrinkage and temperature warping.

On the siege and okosyachke window openings in a wooden house, see below.