Magnetic lock on the front door: selection criteria and installation diagram

Old mechanical locks are often replaced by more modern - magnetic structures. But they need to be properly selected and installed. All the necessary information is required to study before buying a locking device.

When choosing a kit for locking the front door, it is necessary to pay attention, first of all, to the holding force. Among engineers it is customary to measure this force in kilograms. The most powerful locks develop an effort of 1000 kg. In the lines of individual manufacturers, the difference between the closest models is 50 or 100 kg. At the entrance door, unlike the interior one, it is imperative to install a lock with a working force not lower than 250 kg.

But besides the work effort, it is necessary to pay attention to the residual magnetization. Often it appears due to errors during operation or due to errors in the selection of the device. Normally, the residual magnetization should not exceed 2 kg. For everything to work properly, you still need to carefully select the power supply for the lock. The main details of the electromagnetic lock mechanism are as follows:

• housing;
• core;
• winding.

Most often, the core is glued using transformer sheet steel. The preference of this material allows to reduce the residual stress. The same kind of paintwork has the same function. But it is important to understand that the remaining current cannot be 100% removed. Almost always the working element of an electromagnetic lock is formed from a set of plates assembled like the letter Sh.

But in some cases, a monolithic core is used. It is bad because it accumulates residual stress much stronger than usual. Therefore, in addition to the usual components, the electric circuit of the lock also includes a large-capacity capacitor. It should be at least 200 microfarads.As for the winding of the core, it is, in essence, a coil formed by winding an enameled copper wire.

Magnetic lock cases are mainly made of aluminum. Stainless steel has become quite widespread. But plastic is used quite a bit. Even the best options can hardly be called reliable and durable. When the electromagnetic lock is activated, the magnets associated with the winding interlock. A current of 5 W is sufficient to hold the force to exceed 150 kg.

When the voltage is turned off, the lock opens. From the electrical point of view, an oscillating circuit of an alternating current appears inside it. Discharge due to the presence of a capacitor is made only through the winding. This process is accompanied by a change in the polarity of the magnet. The remaining current is spent for magnetization reversal. But if the capacitor is broken, it will be much harder to open the door. The only solution is to replace parts. The part must be of the same type. It is placed parallel to the terminals.

High-quality magnetic lock can work completely silently. Since there are relatively few moving parts in it, the work resource grows noticeably. Such a device is easily combined with the following devices:

• intercoms;
• panels for entering codes;
• buttons to call;
• other auxiliary devices.

In addition, magnetic locks have an attractive appearance. They look quite modern and harmoniously fit into the most sophisticated interior. However, it should be noted that the devices take up a lot of space and are heavier than the mechanical analogs of a comparable class. They are also very dependent on power supply. If the lock is broken, further penetration for intruders is greatly simplified.

You can often hear that the dependence on power supply is a clear negative. But to agree with this is difficult. After all, in case of a fire or other emergency situation, when the door is de-energized, it opens by itself. This greatly increases the chances of salvation.

The classification of magnetic locks on the front door can be carried out in two ways: how the product is locked and how it is managed. Closing the front door most often occurs on the holding scheme. The anchor of electromagnetic constipation acts on tearing. Most of these locks are overhead. The low popularity of mortise devices is associated with a low coupling force. The movable electromagnetic lock works by shifting the armature. Almost all such devices are put on a mortise scheme, they can be installed only in strict accordance with the instructions.

There are also two types of magnetic locks on the principle of control. Devices with Hall sensors, which are special chips, need power supply. If sealed contacts (so-called reed switches) are used, the lock can be operated even without current supply. It requires only the magnet itself - it allows you to create the desired voltage. There is one more division of magnetic locks - according to the method of installation, they can be as follows:

• invoices;
• mortise;
• partially mortise.

An electronic lock can not only lock the passage, but also provide a signal (sound or light notification). To open the door, you have to have an electronic key.On the glass door put only overhead locks. Special designs can provide a secure fit. Wooden and metal canvases can be equipped with any locks.

Important: only shear constipations are placed on the swing door, providing a powerful hold.

Widespread door locks with access card. Such systems are popular in offices, hotels and other public places, because they allow you to control large flows of people. Opening with a card occurs as quickly as possible. Unlike traditional mechanical products, it is impossible to break the electromagnetic lock (in the usual sense of the word). The device will perceive only the signal supplied by a special device. Minimizing the number of mechanical parts reduces the risk of breakage. The battery is almost always included.

Shift locks can be placed inside the canvas. They do not occupy the opening. If the device is equipped with a Hall sensor, you can only know this when opening the mechanism or when reading technical documentation.An external examination will not allow any conclusions to be drawn - even if a specialist is invited. The advantages of locks with such sensors are as follows:

• the ability to determine the number of people passing through the door;
• increased resistance to cracking;
• minimal susceptibility to wear;
• immunity to temperature fluctuations;
• resistance to high humidity;
• the inability to open the mechanism with master keys.

It should be borne in mind that electromagnetic locks may not have electronic components. Such versions are much easier for people. The body of the magnetic lock must be labeled with ML symbols and numbers. Numbers denote the mass required to open the door. If this information is not available, it is better to refuse to buy at all.

Selection of a magnetic locking device is quite simple. The key parameter is the force of the load on the gap. It must exceed the weight of the door leaf to be serviced. The active view of the castle is needed mainly for office, retail, administrative and business premises. It is these devices have excellent resistance to wear, even with intensive use.ID systems can reduce door opening times. This greatly increases throughput.

As always, when choosing locks, you need to pay attention to the reputation of the manufacturer. You must also familiarize yourself with the standard power mode, with a range of operating temperatures. It is also worth considering the dimensions of the device - they can interfere with its installation in a particular case. The greatest resistance to adverse weather conditions is demonstrated by double-insulated case locks. Additionally, you should consider the current consumption and method of attachment. Not all doors it is advisable to put locks with uninterruptible power supplies. To focus on the price of the product is wrong - it is estimated only last. And, of course, it is necessary to study reviews about a particular model.

Installing a retaining electromagnetic lock type is quite simple. The mechanism is applied to the door leaf. When put the cover, it absorbs part of the opening. That is why mortise designs better overhead. Installation and adjustment of the mechanism should be done only when the current is off.The fact is that installers will have to touch parts that transmit electricity. If you need to install on a metal door without drilling reinforced format and the armored door of an electromagnetic lock, choose the design with the greatest holding force.

Before starting work, the following tools are required:

• hammer;
• screwdriver;
• clippers;
• building level;
• fastening tool;
• roulette.

You can set the electromagnetic lock both vertically and horizontally. But in both cases it is necessary to retreat a little from the door hinges. It is easy to determine exactly where to place the counterplate, for this purpose the main part of the device is placed on the canvas. It is worth paying attention that to fix the part itself correctly will turn out only on condition of preliminary marking. To hold the mate most reliably help pins.

It is not always possible to do without drilling. If it is still required, you must first check whether the diameter of the drill coincides with the diameter of the hole in the stencil. When the holes are prepared, the plate is pressed to the canvas using screws and several washers for each screw: steel and rubber.Such a solution will allow the mounting system to sway a little. And because the core will rise as tightly as possible.

Next, determine where the corner should be located. This is done by reapplying the main part of the mechanism to the anchor element. The hexagon will help move the plate to the desired plane. Check that everything is well positioned, you need to loosen the bolt, which will help release the counterplate. Normally, it is placed strictly parallel to the base.

If you need to put a magnetic lock on the glass door, you need to make contacts inside. A plate of steel is not needed, it is replaced by a corner in the form of the letter Z. It is assumed that the door will open into the room. If you need to put a magnetic lock on an insufficiently wide jamb, corner pads are required.When they are exposed, the core of the lock is pressed against the doorjamb. If it is necessary to unlock the door in the direction of the locking device, the contact pad with the plate is placed in the upper horizontal segment of the web, which is also done using corner beads. Electrical connections are made in strict accordance with the marking.

Has its own characteristics and the installation of a magnetic lock on a plastic door. It is impossible to install a conventional lock in a mortise manner, this can damage the canvas. For PVC doors you need to use only specialized models. Difference of any lock for a plastic door is the facilitated design. It is recommended to entrust installation to professionals, they must choose the appropriate product.

Magnetic lock can be placed on a wooden door. In this case, the holding force should vary from 100 to 300 kg. At the pendulum door you need to put only constipation with a Hall sensor. Accessories, angles and mounting plates are determined by the model of the door and the device opening. It is worth paying attention that Electromagnetic locks are unacceptable in principle, put on the fire door.

In the next video you will find the installation of an electromagnetic lock.